Analisis Kinematika Gerakan Track Start dalam Olahraga Renang
Abstract
Sekarang ini teknik start dalam olahraga renang yang banyak digunakan adalah track start baik teknik rear weighted maupun front weighted serta grab start. Perbedaan utama antara kedua teknik start adalah posisi kaki pada papan start block. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perbedaan kinematika gerak dengan pendekatan analisis tiga dimensi antara atlet putra dan putri dengan menggunakan teknik track start dalam olahraga renang. Metoda yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel yang digunakan adalah atlet putra 8 orang dan putri 8 dengan rata-rata usianya 19.5 tahun, tinggi badan 1.72 m dan berat badan 61.4 kg. Proses pengabilan data menggunakan satu buah 3D Force Platform, 3 buah Panasonic Handycam, Frame DIAZ IV 3D motion software dan satu set marker manual. Hasil dari analisis data menujukan bahwa dari 21 parameter kinematika gerak yang dianalisis terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada kelompok putra yang hasilnya lebih besar daripada kelompok putri khususnya pada 7 parameter yaitu pada flight time, total time, height of take-off, vertical velocity of the CoM at take-off, leg power, force dan time to 15m. Sedangkan peran sumbangan mechanic leg power dan force sesaat sebelum take off merupakan faktor kunci keberhasilan performa start dalam olahraga renang.
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